An Operator is an application-specific controller that extends the Kubernetes API to create, configure, and manage instances of complex stateful applications on behalf of a Kubernetes user.
Operator 是一个特定的应用程序的控制器,通过扩展 Kubernetes API 以代表 Kubernetes 用户创建,配置和管理复杂有状态应用程序的实例。
Operator 是一种软件,它结合了特定的领域知识并通过 CRD(Custom Resource Definition ) 机制扩展了Kubernetes API,使用户像管理 Kubernetes 的内置资源一样创建,配置和管理应用程序。Operator 管理整个集群中的多个实例,而不仅仅管理应用程序的单个实例。
[译] https://itnext.io/building-an-operator-for-kubernetes-with-the-sample-controller-b4204be9ad56
The sample-controller Link to heading
创建示例的 operator 程序需要用到的第一个工具是 sample-controller, 可以在 https://github.com/kubernetes/sample-controller 找到。
这个项目实现了一个简单的 Foo
类型的 operator, 当创建一个自定义类型的对象 foo
,operator 会创建一个 以几个公开的 docker 镜像和特定的副本数创建一个 Deployment
。
要安装和编译它,需要确认你的 GOPATH
,然后执行:
go get github.com/kubernetes/sample-controller
cd $GOPATH/src/k8s.io/sample-controller
go build -o ctrl .
接着我们可以用artifacts/examples
目录下的文件,创建Foo
类型的自定义资源定义(CRD)。
kubectl apply -f artifacts/examples/crd-validation.yaml
现在从另一个终端,我们可以操作Foo
对象并观察 controller 发生了什么:
$ kubectl apply -f artifacts/examples/example-foo.yaml
$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
example-foo-6cbc69bf5d-j8lhx 1/1 Running 0 18s
$ kubectl delete -f artifacts/examples/example-foo.yaml
$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
example-foo-6cbc69bf5d-j8lhx 0/1 Terminating 0 38s
在 Kubernetes 1.11.0,controller 会进入无限循环,当 foo 对象创建一个 deployment 后更新它的状态:在`updateFooStatus`方法中,你必调用`UpdateStatus(fooCopy)`代替`Update(fooCopy)`。
到目前为止,控制器完成了这样一项工作:它在我们创建foo
对象时创建一个deployment
并在我们删除对象时停止deployment
。
现在我们可以进一步调整 CRD 和 controller 以使用我们自己的自定义资源定义。
Adapting the sample-controller Link to heading
假设我们的目标是编写一个在集群节点上部署守护程序的 operator。它会使用 DaemonSet 对象来部署此守护程序,并且能够指定标签,仅在打上此标签的节点上部署守护程序。我们,还希望能够指定部署的 docker 镜像,而不是像sample-controller
的例子那样静态的。
我们首先为GenericDaemon
类型创建自定义资源定义:
// artifacts/generic-daemon/crd.yaml
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
name: genericdaemons.mydomain.com
spec:
group: mydomain.com
version: v1beta1
names:
kind: Genericdaemon
plural: genericdaemons
scope: Namespaced
validation:
openAPIV3Schema:
properties:
spec:
properties:
label:
type: string
image:
type: string
required:
- image
以及第一个要部署的守护程序的示例:
// artifacts/generic-daemon/syslog.yaml
apiVersion: mydomain.com/v1beta1
kind: Genericdaemon
metadata:
name: syslog
spec:
label: logs
image: mbessler/syslogdocker
现在我们必须为 operator 访问新的自定义资源定义(CRD)的 API 构建 go 文件。为此,我们要创建一个新的目录pkg/apis/genericdaemon
,在这个目录中复制pkg/apis/samplecontroller
目录下的文件(除了zz_generated.deepcopy.go
)。
$ tree pkg/apis/genericdaemon/
pkg/apis/genericdaemon/
├── register.go
└── v1beta1
├── doc.go
├── register.go
└── types.go
并调整其内容:
////////////////
// register.go
////////////////
package genericdaemon
const (
GroupName = "mydomain.com"
)
/////////////////////
// v1beta1/doc.go
/////////////////////
// +k8s:deepcopy-gen=package
// Package v1beta1 is the v1beta1 version of the API.
// +groupName=mydomain.com
package v1beta1
/////////////////////////
// v1beta1/register.go
/////////////////////////
package v1beta1
import (
metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
genericdaemon "k8s.io/sample-controller/pkg/apis/genericdaemon"
)
// SchemeGroupVersion is group version used to register these objects
var SchemeGroupVersion = schema.GroupVersion{Group: genericdaemon.GroupName, Version: "v1beta1"}
// Kind takes an unqualified kind and returns back a Group qualified GroupKind
func Kind(kind string) schema.GroupKind {
return SchemeGroupVersion.WithKind(kind).GroupKind()
}
// Resource takes an unqualified resource and returns a Group qualified GroupResource
func Resource(resource string) schema.GroupResource {
return SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource(resource).GroupResource()
}
var (
SchemeBuilder = runtime.NewSchemeBuilder(addKnownTypes)
AddToScheme = SchemeBuilder.AddToScheme
)
// Adds the list of known types to Scheme.
func addKnownTypes(scheme *runtime.Scheme) error {
scheme.AddKnownTypes(SchemeGroupVersion,
&Genericdaemon{},
&GenericdaemonList{},
)
metav1.AddToGroupVersion(scheme, SchemeGroupVersion)
return nil
}
//////////////////////
// v1beta1/types.go
//////////////////////
package v1beta1
import (
metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
)
// +genclient
// +k8s:deepcopy-gen:interfaces=k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.Object
// Genericdaemon is a specification for a Generic Daemon resource
type Genericdaemon struct {
metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
Spec GenericdaemonSpec `json:"spec"`
Status GenericdaemonStatus `json:"status"`
}
// GenericDaemonSpec is the spec for a GenericDaemon resource
type GenericdaemonSpec struct {
Label string `json:"label"`
Image string `json:"image"`
}
// GenericDaemonStatus is the status for a GenericDaemon resource
type GenericdaemonStatus struct {
Installed int32 `json:"installed"`
}
// +k8s:deepcopy-gen:interfaces=k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.Object
// GenericDaemonList is a list of GenericDaemon resources
type GenericdaemonList struct {
metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
metav1.ListMeta `json:"metadata"`
Items []Genericdaemon `json:"items"`
}
脚本hack/update-codegen.sh
可用于生成我们之前文件中定义的新的自定义资源定义(CRD)的代码,我们必需修改此脚本来为我们的新 CRD 生成文件:
# hack/update-codegen.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -o errexit
set -o nounset
set -o pipefail
SCRIPT_ROOT=$(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE})/..
CODEGEN_PKG=${CODEGEN_PKG:-$(cd ${SCRIPT_ROOT}; ls -d -1 ./vendor/k8s.io/code-generator 2>/dev/null || echo ../code-generator)}
# generate the code with:
# --output-base because this script should also be able to run inside the vendor dir of
# k8s.io/kubernetes. The output-base is needed for the generators to output into the vendor dir
# instead of the $GOPATH directly. For normal projects this can be dropped.
${CODEGEN_PKG}/generate-groups.sh "deepcopy,client,informer,lister" \
k8s.io/sample-controller/pkg/client k8s.io/sample-controller/pkg/apis \
genericdaemon:v1beta1 \
--output-base "$(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE})/../../.." \
--go-header-file ${SCRIPT_ROOT}/hack/boilerplate.go.txt
接着执行此脚本:
$ ./hack/update-codegen.sh
Generating deepcopy funcs
Generating clientset for genericdaemon:v1beta1 at k8s.io/sample-controller/pkg/client/clientset
Generating listers for genericdaemon:v1beta1 at k8s.io/sample-controller/pkg/client/listers
Generating informers for genericdaemon:v1beta1 at k8s.io/sample-controller/pkg/client/informers
现在可以调整它来编写我们的 operator。首先,我们必须将所有对之前的Foo
类型的引用修改为Genericdaemon
类型。另外,当一个新的 genericdaemon
实例创建后,我们要创建 DaemonSet 而不是 Deployment。
Deploying the operator to the Kubernetes cluster Link to heading
当我们将sample-controller
修改为我们需要的之后,我们要将它部署到kubernetes集群。事实上,在这个时候,我们已经使用我们的凭证将它运行在我们的开发系统来测试它。
这是一个简单的 Dockerfile,用于构建 operator 的 Docker 镜像(你必须删除原有的sample-controller
中的所有代码才能构建):
FROM golang
RUN mkdir -p /go/src/k8s.io/sample-controller
ADD . /go/src/k8s.io/sample-controller
WORKDIR /go
RUN go get ./...
RUN go install -v ./...
CMD ["/go/bin/sample-controller"]
现在我们可以构建并将镜像推送到 DockerHub:
docker build . -t mydockerid/genericdaemon
docker push mydockerid/genericdaemon
最后用这个新的镜像部署一个 Deployment:
// deploy.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: sample-controller
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: sample
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: sample
spec:
containers:
- name: sample
image: "mydockerid/genericdaemon:latest"
并kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml
。
operator 现在已经运行,但是如果我们查看 pod 的日志,可以看到授权存在问题; pod 没有对不同资源的访问权限:
$ kubectl logs sample-controller-66b79c7d5f-2qnft
E0721 14:34:50.499584 1 reflector.go:134] k8s.io/sample-controller/pkg/client/informers/externalversions/factory.go:117: Failed to list *v1beta1.Genericdaemon: genericdaemons.mydomain.com is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:default:default" cannot list genericdaemons.mydomain.com at the cluster scope
E0721 14:34:50.500385 1 reflector.go:134] k8s.io/client-go/informers/factory.go:131: Failed to list *v1.DaemonSet: daemonsets.apps is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:default:default" cannot list daemonsets.apps at the cluster scope
[...]
我们需要创建一个ClusterRole
和一个ClusterRoleBinding
来为 operator 提供必要的权限:
// rbac_role.yaml
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: operator-role
rules:
- apiGroups:
- apps
resources:
- daemonsets
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- create
- update
- patch
- delete
- apiGroups:
- mydomain.com
resources:
- genericdaemons
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- create
- update
- patch
- delete
// rbac_role_binding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: operator-rolebinding
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: operator-role
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: default
namespace: default
并且部署它:
kubectl apply -f rbac_role.yaml
kubectl delete -f deploy.yaml
kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml
现在,你的 operator 应该已经部署到你的 Kubernetes 集群并处于活动状态。